A recent study in The Lancet Public Health highlights a significant shift in global suicide rates from 1990 to 2021, emphasizing regional and gender differences.
Over three decades, the global suicide death rate declined by nearly 40%, with the most notable reduction observed in East Asia (66%), particularly in China. In contrast, Central Latin America saw a 39% increase, with Mexico experiencing a 123% rise among women. North America recorded a 7% increase, while in the United States, the female suicide rate rose by 23%.
Gender disparities remain significant, with men dying by suicide three times more often than women, despite women being 49% more likely to attempt it. In the United States, firearms were involved in 55% of male suicides, underscoring the role of access to lethal means.
Key risk factors include mental disorders, substance abuse, violence, childhood trauma, and social deprivation. Easy access to firearms and pesticides further exacerbates suicide rates in many regions.
Preventive strategies should focus on reducing stigma, expanding mental health support, and implementing region-specific interventions. Strengthening crisis response systems within communities is crucial to addressing suicide risk, especially among vulnerable populations.
