Obesity is a major health threat, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, highlighting the necessity of genetic-level research.
According to the CDC, approximately 40% of Americans are classified as obese, significantly raising their susceptibility to chronic diseases. Recent findings from the University of Delaware challenge the traditional view of adipose tissue as a passive fat storage site, instead identifying it as an active endocrine organ whose dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
A study led by Ibra Fancher, Associate Professor of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, analyzed gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), revealing over 300 differentially expressed genes in SAT and nearly 700 in VAT. This suggests that adipose tissue plays a critical role in modulating health risks. Among thousands of analyzed genes, four were identified as key regulators of metabolism, inflammation, and calcium handling. As Fancher stated, “We’re already looking to see if these genes are relevant to improving adipose tissue function in obesity.” This opens the door to repurposing existing medications or developing new therapeutic interventions.
Advanced RNA sequencing and bioinformatics were instrumental in uncovering obesity-related genetic pathways. Malak Alradi, a PhD student in molecular biology and genetics, noted, “Before I started this study, I thought that body fat was the same, but the results showed that obesity affects VAT much more than SAT.” These findings reinforce the need for targeted obesity research, as VAT is more strongly linked to metabolic disease. Additionally, Fancher is collaborating with bariatric surgeon Caitlin Hulbert to study human adipose tissue gene expression, emphasizing the importance of sex-specific research: “Obesity affects the sexes very differently, so I wouldn’t be surprised if we find significant differences. This will help to develop personalised treatment approaches.”
This research underscores the importance of understanding genetic mechanisms underlying obesity and its cardiovascular implications. Cutting-edge biotechnological methods offer the potential to identify therapeutic targets and improve treatment strategies, addressing a critical public health challenge.
