A new study published in Frontiers in Nutrition confirms that excessive consumption of coffee and tea is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), whereas higher water intake has a protective effect, particularly in women.
Analyzing data from over 461,000 UK Biobank participants with an average follow-up of 8.7 years, researchers found that moderate coffee and tea consumption (0.5-3 cups per day) had no significant impact on CVD risk. However, drinking six or more cups per day was associated with a higher likelihood of cardiovascular disorders, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD). The study revealed that excessive coffee and tea consumption increased the risk of CHD by 48% in men and 49% in women, with women being more vulnerable due to physiological differences in cardiovascular function. Researchers noted that “[women have an extra X chromosome, which can affect gene expression and cardiovascular function. Literature data shows that mortality from CVD among women is twice as high as among men].”
Hydration played a crucial role in cardiovascular health. Drinking at least six glasses of water per day correlated with a reduced risk of CVD, particularly CHD and stroke, though it was less effective in preventing heart failure. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that high water intake lowered CVD risk by 13% in men and 4% in women.
Participants who consumed eight or more cups of coffee or tea per day had the highest risk, with a 50% increase in CHD cases. While water intake helped mitigate some of the negative effects of excessive caffeine consumption, it did not completely neutralize them. The study authors emphasized that “[our study points to the importance of moderate fluid intake in everyday life],” highlighting the need for balanced beverage consumption to support cardiovascular health.
Given these findings, healthcare professionals should emphasize hydration as a key preventive measure for cardiovascular disease. Public health recommendations may need to address the risks associated with excessive caffeine consumption while promoting water intake as a simple yet effective protective strategy.
